Envoy API

Before you begin link

1. Follow the Get started guide to install Gloo Gateway, set up a gateway resource, and deploy the httpbin sample app.

2. Get the external address of the gateway and save it in an environment variable.

     export INGRESS_GW_ADDRESS=$(kubectl get svc -n gloo-system gloo-proxy-http -o jsonpath="{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0]['hostname','ip']}")
   echo $INGRESS_GW_ADDRESS  
     

     kubectl port-forward deployment/gloo-proxy-http -n gloo-system 8080:8080
     

Generic key link

A generic key is a specific string literal that is used to match an action to a descriptor.

1. Create a RateLimitConfig to define your rate limiting rules. In the following example, you create a policy that rate limits requests to one request per minute.

     kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
   apiVersion: ratelimit.solo.io/v1alpha1
   kind: RateLimitConfig
   metadata:
     name: ratelimit-config
     namespace: gloo-system
   spec:
     raw:
       descriptors:
       - key: generic_key
         value: counter
         rateLimit:
           requestsPerUnit: 1
           unit: MINUTE
       rateLimits:
       - actions:
         - genericKey:
             descriptorValue: counter
   EOF
     

2. Create a RouteOption resource that references the RateLimitConfig that you created.

     kubectl apply -f- <<EOF
   apiVersion: gateway.solo.io/v1
   kind: RouteOption
   metadata:
     name: ratelimit
     namespace: httpbin
   spec:
     options:
       rateLimitConfigs:
         refs:
         - name: ratelimit-config
           namespace: gloo-system
   EOF
     

3. Create an HTTPRoute resource for the httpbin app that applies the RouteOption resources that you created and rate limits requests on the ratelimit.example domain.

     kubectl apply -f- <<EOF
   apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
   kind: HTTPRoute
   metadata:
     name: httpbin-ratelimit
     namespace: httpbin
   spec:
     parentRefs:
     - name: http
       namespace: gloo-system
     hostnames:
       - ratelimit.example
     rules:
       - filters:
           - type: ExtensionRef
             extensionRef:
               group: gateway.solo.io
               kind: RouteOption
               name: ratelimit
         backendRefs:
           - name: httpbin
             port: 8000
   EOF
     

4. Send a few requests to the httpbin app on the ratelimit.example domain. Verify that your first request succeeds and you get back a 200 HTTP response code. Because you limited requests to one request per minute, subsequent requests within the same minute fail with a 429 HTTP response code.

     curl -v http://$INGRESS_GW_ADDRESS:8080/status/200 -H "host: ratelimit.example:8080"
     

     curl -v localhost:8080/status/200 -H "host: ratelimit.example"
     

   Example output for a successful response:

     * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
   < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   < access-control-allow-credentials: true
   < access-control-allow-origin: *
   < date: Mon, 22 Apr 2024 18:36:31 GMT
   < content-length: 0
   < x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 0
   < server: envoy
     

   Example output when rate limited:

     * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
   < HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
   < x-envoy-ratelimited: true
   < date: Mon, 22 Apr 2024 18:33:09 GMT
   < server: envoy
   < content-length: 0
     

5. Optional: Remove the resources that you created in this guide.

     kubectl delete ratelimitconfig ratelimit-config -n gloo-system
   kubectl delete routeoption ratelimit -n httpbin
   kubectl delete httproute httpbin-ratelimit -n httpbin
     

Request headers link

Limit requests based on a specific header that is present in your request.

1. Create a RateLimitConfig to define your rate limiting rules. In the following example, you create a policy that rate limits requests that include an x-type request header to one request per minute.

     kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
   apiVersion: ratelimit.solo.io/v1alpha1
   kind: RateLimitConfig
   metadata:
     name: ratelimit-config
     namespace: gloo-system
   spec:
     raw:
       descriptors:
       - key: type
         value: 
         rateLimit:
           requestsPerUnit: 1
           unit: MINUTE
       rateLimits:
       - actions:
         - requestHeaders:
             descriptorKey: type
             headerName: x-type
   EOF
     

2. Create a RouteOption resource that references the RateLimitConfig that you created.

     kubectl apply -f- <<EOF
   apiVersion: gateway.solo.io/v1
   kind: RouteOption
   metadata:
     name: ratelimit
     namespace: httpbin
   spec:
     options:
       rateLimitConfigs:
         refs:
         - name: ratelimit-config
           namespace: gloo-system
   EOF
     

3. Create an HTTPRoute resource for the httpbin app that applies the RouteOption resources that you created and rate limits requests on the ratelimit.example domain.

     kubectl apply -f- <<EOF
   apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
   kind: HTTPRoute
   metadata:
     name: httpbin-ratelimit
     namespace: httpbin
   spec:
     parentRefs:
     - name: http
       namespace: gloo-system
     hostnames:
       - ratelimit.example
     rules:
       - filters:
           - type: ExtensionRef
             extensionRef:
               group: gateway.solo.io
               kind: RouteOption
               name: ratelimit
         backendRefs:
           - name: httpbin
             port: 8000
   EOF
     

4. Send a few requests to the httpbin app on the ratelimit.example domain. Verify that your first request succeeds and you get back a 200 HTTP response code. Because you limited requests with an x-type request header to one request per minute, subsequent requests within the same minute fail with a 429 HTTP response code.

     curl -v http://$INGRESS_GW_ADDRESS:8080/status/200 -H "host: ratelimit.example:8080" -H "x-type: mytype" 
     

     curl -v localhost:8080/status/200 -H "host: ratelimit.example" -H "x-type: mytype" 
     

   Example output for a successful response:

     * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
   < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   < access-control-allow-credentials: true
   < access-control-allow-origin: *
   < date: Mon, 22 Apr 2024 18:36:31 GMT
   < content-length: 0
   < x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 0
   < server: envoy
     

   Example output when rate limited:

     * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
   < HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
   < x-envoy-ratelimited: true
   < date: Mon, 22 Apr 2024 18:33:09 GMT
   < server: envoy
   < content-length: 0
     

5. Optional: Remove the resources that you created in this guide.

     kubectl delete ratelimitconfig ratelimit-config -n gloo-system
   kubectl delete routeoption ratelimit -n httpbin
   kubectl delete httproute httpbin-ratelimit -n httpbin
     

Remote Address link

Limit requests based on the remote address that sends the request. The remote address is populated from the x-forwarded-for request header.

1. Create a RateLimitConfig to define your rate limiting rules. In the following example, you create a policy that rate limits requests based on the remote address to one request per minute.

     kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
   apiVersion: ratelimit.solo.io/v1alpha1
   kind: RateLimitConfig
   metadata:
     name: ratelimit-config
     namespace: gloo-system
   spec:
     raw:
       descriptors:
       - key: remote_address
         value: 
         rateLimit:
           requestsPerUnit: 1
           unit: MINUTE
       rateLimits:
       - actions:
         - remoteAddress: {}
   EOF
     

2. Create a RouteOption resource that references the RateLimitConfig that you created.

     kubectl apply -f- <<EOF
   apiVersion: gateway.solo.io/v1
   kind: RouteOption
   metadata:
     name: ratelimit
     namespace: httpbin
   spec:
     options:
       rateLimitConfigs:
         refs:
         - name: ratelimit-config
           namespace: gloo-system
   EOF
     

3. Create an HTTPRoute resource for the httpbin app that applies the RouteOption resources that you created and rate limits requests on the ratelimit.example domain.

     kubectl apply -f- <<EOF
   apiVersion: gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1
   kind: HTTPRoute
   metadata:
     name: httpbin-ratelimit
     namespace: httpbin
   spec:
     parentRefs:
     - name: http
       namespace: gloo-system
     hostnames:
       - ratelimit.example
     rules:
       - filters:
           - type: ExtensionRef
             extensionRef:
               group: gateway.solo.io
               kind: RouteOption
               name: ratelimit
         backendRefs:
           - name: httpbin
             port: 8000
   EOF
     

4. Send a few requests to the httpbin app on the ratelimit.example domain and include the x-forwarded-for request header. Verify that your first request succeeds and you get back a 200 HTTP response code. Because you limited requests from a specific remote address to one request per minute, subsequent requests within the same minute fail with a 429 HTTP response code.

     curl -v http://$INGRESS_GW_ADDRESS:8080/status/200 -H "host: ratelimit.example:8080" -H "x-forwaded-for: my-remote-address.com" 
     

     curl -v localhost:8080/status/200 -H "host: ratelimit.example" -H "x-forwaded-for: my-remote-address.com" 
     

   Example output for a successful response:

     * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
   < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   < access-control-allow-credentials: true
   < access-control-allow-origin: *
   < date: Mon, 22 Apr 2024 18:36:31 GMT
   < content-length: 0
   < x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 0
   < server: envoy
     

   Example output when rate limited:

     * Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
   < HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
   < x-envoy-ratelimited: true
   < date: Mon, 22 Apr 2024 18:33:09 GMT
   < server: envoy
   < content-length: 0
     

5. Optional: Remove the resources that you created in this guide.

     kubectl delete ratelimitconfig ratelimit-config -n gloo-system
   kubectl delete routeoption ratelimit -n httpbin
   kubectl delete httproute httpbin-ratelimit -n httpbin